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1

This is incorrect. Secondary prevention is the establishment of monitoring techniques to discover diseases early enough to provide the opportunity to control their effects.

2

This is correct. The information the nurse presents to the class is considered a primary prevention level of disease prevention. The nurse is teaching about nutritional changes that can prevent diseases caused by overeating.

3

This is incorrect. Tertiary prevention is the use of treatment techniques after disease has occurred to prevent further complication.

4

This is incorrect. The class is about the different categories of disease prevention. Actions meant to prevent complications or to promote maximum adaptation would be considered tertiary prevention.

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1

This is correct. The energy both in foods and in the body is measured in kilocalories, abbreviated kcal.

2

This is incorrect. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, the nutrients that supply energy, are referred to as the energy nutrients.

3

This is incorrect. Energy exists in a variety of forms: electric, thermal (heat), chemical, mechanical, and nuclear.

4

This is incorrect. Chemical energy is transformed into electric signals in nerves and into mechanical energy in muscles.

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1

This is incorrect. Nutrigenetics detects gene variants within an individual to identify nutritional factors that trigger dysfunction or disease.

2

This is incorrect. Epigenetics is the process that regulates how and when genes are turned on and off.

3

This is correct. Nutrigenomics is the study of the interaction between one’s diet and his or her genes. These interactions can markedly influence digestion, absorption, and elimination, as well as influence their sites of actions.

4

This is incorrect. Epigenomics is the study of the process of epigenetics.

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1

This is correct. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015-2020 focuses on overall eating patterns, which should be utilized as a flexible framework based upon an individual’s personal and cultural choice.

2

This is incorrect. MyPlate is a USDA program developed to provide simple-to-follow guidelines and graphics, which promote healthy eating patterns.

3

This is incorrect. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) monitors dietary intake through a telephone survey.

4

This is incorrect. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends increasing the number of schools providing fruits and vegetables.

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1

This is incorrect. This statement is not about food insecurity, as the client eats every day.

2

This is correct. This statement conveys food insecurity because it expresses that the client is unsure whether food will be attainable or affordable. Food insecurity is often associated with poverty and low income.

3

This is incorrect. This statement indicates an aversion to food, and could be associated with anorexia, rather than food insecurity.

4

This is incorrect. This statement indicates that food is readily available and does not indicate food insecurity.

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1

This is correct. Subjective and objective data are needed to make suitable recommendations about nutritional status.

2

This is incorrect. This information is objective only and is not suitable as the sole criterion on nutritional status.

3

This is incorrect. This information is subjective only and is not suitable as the sole criterion on nutritional status.

4

This is incorrect. This information is subjective only and is not suitable as the sole criterion on nutritional status.

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1

This is incorrect. This question implies that the client includes meat in his or her diet, which may not necessarily be the case. Diet preferences must be assessed, and not assumed.

2

This is incorrect. This question implies that the client consumes poultry based on the nurse’s own assumptions about what “everyone” likes to consume. It is important for the nurse to assess dietary preferences rather than assume them.

3

This is incorrect. This question assumes that the client enjoys comfort foods and would not help the nurse accurately assess the client’s nutritional preferences.

4

This is correct. Dietary preferences differ among people and should be assessed accordingly. This question allows the client to identify their preferences, rather than expressing any of the nurse’s assumptions.

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1

This is incorrect. COPD is not an effect of acculturation.

2

This is correct. Diabetes mellitus occurs in high numbers among widely scattered indigenous populations undergoing acculturation.

3

This is incorrect. Crohn disease is not an effect of acculturation.

4

This is incorrect. GI bleeding is not an effect of acculturation.

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1

This is incorrect. Nutrition prescriptions do not cure disease.

2

This is incorrect. New genetic knowledge does not research proper use of prescriptions.

3

This is correct. New genetic knowledge offers the potential to personalize nutrition prescriptions to avoid interactions between one’s diet and his or her genes, which can adversely affect the body’s use of nutrients.

4

This is incorrect. Nutrition prescriptions do not help address nutritional needs.

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1.

This is correct. Many members of the health-care team are involved in a comprehensive nutritional assessment, including the social worker.

2.

This is correct. Many members of the health-care team are involved in a comprehensive nutritional assessment, including the laboratory staff.

3.

This is correct. Many members of the health-care team are involved in a comprehensive nutritional assessment, including the dietitian.

4.

This is correct. Many members of the health-care team are involved in a comprehensive nutritional assessment, including the physician.

5.

This is incorrect. Although there are many members of the health-care team involved in a comprehensive nutritional assessment, the physical therapist is not typically involved.

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1.

This is correct. Vitamins are essential nutrients that the body requires but cannot manufacture sufficiently.

2.

This is correct. Water is an essential nutrient that participates in the continued growth and maintenance of building body structures.

3.

This is correct. Polyphenols are found in plants and help stimulate the immune system, prevent cell damage, and reduce inflammation.

4.

This is incorrect. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are nutrients that supply energy. The client, in conjunction with the health-care team, including the health-care provider and nutritionist, will develop a diet plan that is individual to the client.

5.

This is incorrect. Protein shakes may contain nonessential nutrients that the body may make from other substances. The quantity of any one component of food and its usefulness of function varies and should be planned and discussed with the health-care team.

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1.

This is correct. All nutrients perform one or more functions, such as serving as a source of energy or heat.

2.

This is correct. All nutrients perform one or more functions, such as supporting the growth and maintenance of tissue.

3.

This is incorrect. Nutrients do not aid in weight loss.

4.

This is incorrect. Nutrients do not help prevent diabetes, but they may help control it.

5.

This is incorrect. This is a secondary prevention function; nutrients do not provide control of disease.

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1.

This is correct. According to nutrigenetics, a gene variant within an individual can trigger nutritional dysfunction or disease. Lactose intolerance is more common in individuals of Native American descent.

2.

This is incorrect. Lactose intolerance is less common in individuals of Italian descent.

3.

This is correct. According to nutrigenetics, a gene variant within an individual can trigger nutritional dysfunction or disease. Lactose intolerance is more common in individuals of Asian descent.

4.

This is incorrect. Lactose intolerance is not common in individuals of Irish descent.

5.

This is correct. According to nutrigenetics, a gene variant within an individual can trigger nutritional dysfunction or disease. Lactose intolerance is more common in individuals of African descent.

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1.

This is correct. The 2015–2020 DHHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans accommodate the food preferences of many diverse groups who live in the United States.

2.

This is correct. The 2015–2020 DHHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans accommodate the cultural traditions of many diverse groups who live in the United States.

3.

This is incorrect. The 2015–2020 DHHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans does not address accommodating for healthy eating practices.

4.

This is correct. The 2015–2020 DHHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans accommodate the economic resources of many diverse groups who live in the United States.

5.

This is incorrect. The 2015–2020 DHHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans does not address accommodating for sample menus.

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1.

This is correct. Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or doubtful ability to acquire food. Food insecurity is often associated with poverty.

2.

This is correct. Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or doubtful ability to acquire food. It is most prevalent in households located in nonmetropolitan areas, including rural areas.

3.

This is incorrect. Health is not usually associated with food insecurity.

4.

This is incorrect. Wealth is not usually associated with food insecurity.

5.

This is incorrect. Disease is not usually associated with food insecurity.

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1.

This is correct. A nutritional screening is the assessment portion of the nursing process to help determine a client’s nutritional status.

2.

This is correct. A physical examination is the analysis/diagnosis portion of the nursing process and is compared with standard nutritional parameters.

3.

This is correct. Prioritizing problems is the planning/intervention portion of the nursing process. To be successful in initiating behavior change, the health-care provider together with the client must prioritize the problems and select acceptable interventions.

4.

This is incorrect. Referral to a dietitian can ensure comprehensive care and increase client awareness of the need for nutritional services, but is not a part of the nursing process.

5.

This is incorrect. Using dietary journals can help the client determine a pattern of nutrition, but is not a part of the nursing process.

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1.

This is correct. The dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are composed of five nutrient-based reference values that can be used for assessing and planning diets according to life stage and gender. Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) are intakes that meet the estimated nutrient needs of 50% of the individuals in the defined group (in this case diabetics).

2.

This is incorrect. The body mass index is the most commonly used indirect indicator of obesity and body adiposity, but is not a dietary reference intake (DRI) component.

3.

This is correct. The dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are composed of five nutrient-based reference values that can be used for assessing and planning diets according to life stage and gender. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are intended for use as a goal for daily intake by individuals, not for assessing the adequacy of an individual’s nutrient intake.

4.

This is correct. The dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are composed of five nutrient-based reference values that can be used for assessing and planning diets according to life stage and gender. Adequate Intakes (AIs) are the average observed or experimentally determined intake that appears sufficient to meet a diabetic client’s needs.

5.

This is correct. The dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are composed of five nutrient-based reference values that can be used for assessing and planning diets according to life stage and gender. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) is the percentage of kilocalories associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while still providing sufficient intake of essential nutrients.

Feedback

1.

This is incorrect. An adverse effect of acculturation is the increase in various diseases in native populations.

2.

This is correct. Acculturation can have positive effects as well as negative effects on dietary patterns; it can lead to increased knowledge of healthy foods.

3.

This is incorrect. Acculturation can have positive effects on dietary patterns, such as leading to increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.

4.

This is correct. Acculturation may lead to the affected culture/population learning more about how to properly prepare foods.

5.

This is correct. Acculturation can have positive as well as negative effects on dietary patterns; it can lead to increased awareness of healthy foods.

Feedback

1.

This is correct. Nutritional care begins with assessment followed by analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

2.

This is correct. Nutritional care begins with assessment followed by analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

3.

This is correct. Nutritional care begins with assessment followed by analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

4.

This is incorrect. Assessment compiles subjective and objective data that are then analyzed to identify strengths and weaknesses.

5.

This is incorrect. Nutritional assessment is more comprehensive than a screening and objective data is needed for complete nutritional care.